Biocarbonos de origen lignocelulósico como estrategia para mitigar los niveles de Cadmio(Cd) en suelos agrícolas
Palabras clave:
Sostenibilidad, metales pesados, enmienda, agricultura, suelosBarra lateral del artículo
Contenido principal del artículo
Introducción: El cadmio (Cd) es un metal pesado de alta toxicidad que deteriora la calidad del suelo y los cultivos, además de representar un riesgo para la salud humana debido a su acumulación en los alimentos, lo que compromete seriamente la productividad agrícola y la salud pública.
Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar el uso de biocarbonos obtenidos a partir de residuos lignocelulósicos como estrategia para la mitigación del cadmio (Cd) en suelos agrícolas, así como su impacto en las propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática con el software StArt v.3.0.3. Las búsquedas se realizaron en Scopus, Science Direct, Springer Link y Google Académico. A partir de esto se seleccionaron los artículos de interés aplicando criterios de inclusión y exclusión.
Resultados: Se identificaron que los precursores más frecuentemente utilizados en literatura fueron los residuos agrícolas comunes, como cáscaras y pajas de arroz, maíz y trigo, debido a su producción masiva, bajo costo y alto contenido de carbono. Se encontró que la efectividad del biocarbono en la remediación del Cd depende de sus propiedades, como porosidad, superficie específica y pH. Además, se encontró que el biocarbono mejora significativamente las propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo, optimizando la retención de nutrientes y la inmovilización de metales pesados. Sin embargo, se evidenció que la efectividad del biocarbono disminuye con el tiempo debido a la liberación gradual de Cd atrapado y la descomposición de sus componentes alcalinos.
Conclusiones: En conclusión, los biocarbonos representa una estrategia eficiente y sostenible para la remediación de suelos contaminados con Cd, con beneficios ambientales y económicos asociados al manejo responsable de residuos agrícolas, aunque su implementación requiere una planificación cuidadosa para maximizar su efectividad en distintos contextos agrícolas.
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