Green hydrogen state of the art review of generation technologies for the decarbonisation of the energy sector

Abstract

The growing concern about environmental problems and the depletion of fossil fuels has generated an interest in the development of technologies that allow us to produce electricity without polluting the environment. In recent decades, hydrogen has become the main candidate to replace fossil fuels, with the possibility of being used as a primary fuel to be burned in combustion engines, or as an energy vector for the production of energy by means of fuel cells, making it an attractive fuel due to its high energy density and the fact that it does not emit any type of pollution. At present, hydrogen is not produced for energy purposes, but for industrial purposes, so the purpose of this article is to learn about the predominant forms of hydrogen production, which use fossil fuels as raw materials, and to study the new technologies developed to obtain decarbonised hydrogen for the energy sector, researching known technologies such as electrolysis, comparing the functioning of the existing types of electrolysis and describing other novel forms such as those that make up the production of biological hydrogen or bio-hydrogen, analysing different research with the aim of presenting the results in fermentative methods, the use of microalgae and the microbial electrolysis cell, explaining the main results in the production of hydrogen for the energy sector, as well as the main applications in the production of hydrogen from fossil fuels and the use of microalgae.