Estrategias de Bioremediación para tratamiento de Contaminantes Emergentes: una visión desde la Fito-remediación
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Introducción: Los contaminantes emergentes (CEs) son una amplia y creciente categoría de sustancias encontradas en el ambiente que solo recién se reconoce como significativos contaminantes del agua. La inhabilidad de las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) para remover efectivamente CEs hace necesarios métodos de tratamientos alternativos y ambientalmente amigables.
Objetivo: El objetivo de la revisión es explorar estrategias de bioremediación para contaminantes emergentes usando humedales construidos y el papel de las plantas en la fitoremediación de aguas servidas.
Metodología: Considero una revisión bibliográfica usando las bases de datos electrónicas de la biblioteca de la Universidad del Valle, específicamente SCOPUS y ScienceDirect (Elsevier). La búsqueda usó palabras claves como “Contaminantes Emergentes”, “Humedales Construidos” y de “Plantas Tropicales en Fitoremediación” y se priorizaron las publicaciones de los últimos 3 años.
Resultados: La remoción de CEs en HCs involucra complejos procesos físicos, químicos y biológicos, los que son influenciados por el diseño y parámetros operacionales del sistema. Los HC varían significativamente en diseño, con las configuraciones que incluyen sistemas de flujo superficial (FS) y subsuperficial (FSS), así como flujo horizontal (FHSS) y vertical (FVSS). Las configuraciones difieren en tipo de medio, profundidad y en la eficiencia del tratamiento.
Conclusiones: Esta revisión examina la presencia de CEs en ambientes acuáticos y explora el uso de las plantas en HC como estrategias de fitorremediación. Los hallazgos indican que los HCs son una alternativa sostenible y efectiva con mecanismos de remoción claves -incluyendo biodegradación, adsorción de sustrato y ingreso de macrofita- jugando un papel crucial en eliminar CEs recalcitrantes. El diseño y condiciones operacionales de los HCs impactan significativamente la eficiencia de fitorremediacion.
- Contaminantes Emergentes (CE)
- Humedales Construidos (HC)
- Fitorremediación de Aguas Residuales
- Plantas de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales
- Mecanismos y Eliminación de Contaminantes
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