Avances en rehabilitación robótica para la recuperación de miembros inferiores y asistencia al caminar
Barra lateral del artículo
Contenido principal del artículo
Introducción: La ingeniería de rehabilitación para la marcha humana es un campo de rápido crecimiento que automatiza las intervenciones terapéuticas, reduciendo el esfuerzo físico requerido de los terapeutas. Esto permite que los terapeutas se concentren en aplicar los protocolos clínicos para el entrenamiento físico y el re-aprendizaje motor. Los sistemas de rehabilitación robótica asistida también permiten la evaluación de la recuperación motora mediante la medición de parámetros clave como los patrones de fuerza, la dinámica de interacción y los movimientos angulares.
Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es proporcionar una revisión descriptiva de las plataformas robóticas diseñadas para la rehabilitación y asistencia de la marcha humana.
Métodos: Dado el rápido avance de la tecnología de exoesqueletos, se hizo un énfasis particular en incorporar los estudios más recientes. Sin embargo, debido a la complejidad del tema, también se consideró un marco temporal de investigación más amplio, abarcando los últimos 14 años. La revisión siguió una estrategia de búsqueda integral en múltiples bases de datos, incluyendo Springer Nature, IEEE/ASME, Taylor & Francis, Google Scholar, MDPI, Scopus, Frontiers, Elsevier, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, Sage y John Wiley & Sons, con el objetivo de identificar todas las tecnologías relevantes relacionadas con los exoesqueletos de miembros inferiores.
Resultados: La robótica de rehabilitación y asistencia es un campo multidisciplinario que abarca áreas como la biomecánica, la interacción humano-máquina, las estrategias de control, el diseño de actuadores y la integración de sensores. Este estudio contribuye con una tabla de clasificación que resume las plataformas robóticas de rehabilitación más representativas, destacando sus características y diferencias mediante variables comparativas.
Conclusión: El análisis descriptivo muestra que los entrenadores de marcha sobre terreno son los sistemas más avanzados y ampliamente utilizados en la robótica de rehabilitación, destacando su efectividad para abordar las complejas necesidades de la rehabilitación de la marcha, lo que los convierte en un foco crítico para la investigación futura.
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Aceptado 2025-02-14
Publicado 2025-02-25
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Universidad del Valle
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