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Autores

El crecimiento constante en la generación de residuos urbanos a nivel global ha generado una creciente necesidad de abordar su gestión de manera sostenible. A pesar de que la conversión de estos residuos en energía ha demostrado ser efectiva en varios países, su implementación en Colombia aún se encuentra en una etapa incipiente. En este estudio, se llevó a cabo un análisis bibliométrico y una revisión sistemática exhaustiva de la literatura con el propósito de evaluar las tecnologías de valorización de los residuos sólidos urbanos, así como su potencial integración en biorrefinerías en el contexto colombiano. Entre las tecnologías más relevantes identificadas se encuentran la incineración, la gasificación, la pirólisis, la digestión anaeróbica y la recuperación de gas de vertedero.
La Digestión Anaerobia destaca como una opción atractiva debido a su versatilidad. No obstante, se reconoce la necesidad imperante de adoptar una elección dinámica de tecnologías, considerando la diversidad de contextos y condiciones específicas en Colombia. Además, la gasificación y la pirólisis emergen como opciones viables, cada una con sus propias ventajas y desafíos, reflejando la complejidad y variabilidad en la gestión de residuos. En relación con la recuperación de gas de vertedero, se subraya su importancia como instalación esencial en vertederos controlados, desestimando la consideración de una alternativa independiente. Si bien la literatura sugiere que la incineración se percibe como menos favorable en términos sociales, económicos y ambientales, es crucial reconocer la dinámica y especificidad de cada situación. La elección de tecnologías debe ser adaptativa y orientada por un enfoque contextual que considere la heterogeneidad en la composición de residuos, infraestructura disponible y otros factores que varían significativamente de un escenario a otro. Este enfoque dinámico y adaptativo es esencial para abordar la complejidad de la gestión de residuos urbanos y encontrar soluciones sostenibles en el contexto colombiano.

Laura Ordoñez-Losada, Universidad del valle, Cali, Colombia.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4519-457X

David Gómez- Ríos, Universidad del Valle, Facultad de Ingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Cali, Colombia

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9657-2174

1.
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Recibido 2023-09-11
Aceptado 2024-02-14
Publicado 2024-06-04