Regulaciones y reformulación de alimentos: impactos en procesos, costos y cadena de suministro. Revisión sistemática
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Introducción: El incremento en el consumo de bebidas azucaradas y otros ha generado un impacto directo en la salud pública, promoviendo la adopción de regulaciones como el EFAN. Políticas que buscan orientar las decisiones del consumidor y fomentar la reformulación industrial de productos para reducir azúcares, sodio y grasas saturadas.
Objetivo: Analizar sistemáticamente la evidencia existente sobre el impacto de las regulaciones tipo EFAN y la reformulación en procesos productivos, costos y cadena de suministro.
Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una RS en bases de datos indexadas (Scopus, SciELO, etc.) intervalo entre 2018 y 2025. Se aplicaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión enfocados en que evaluaran el efecto de políticas de etiquetado y reformulación en la industria.
Resultados: La literatura evidencia que las regulaciones obligatorias generan mayores cambios que las voluntarias. Chile, México y Canadá reportan reducciones significativas en azúcares y sodio, así como ajustes en formulaciones y procesos productivos. Aunque la industria anticipó incrementos de costos y efectos negativos en el empleo, los estudios muestran que los precios no se trasladaron consistentemente al consumidor y no se observaron impactos macroeconómicos adversos. El EFAN resulta más comprensible que otros sistemas como las GDA, aumentando la presión sobre la industria para reformular.
Conclusiones: El EFAN y la reformulación constituyen herramientas clave para mejorar la salud pública y generar innovación en la industria. Sin embargo, persisten vacíos en la cuantificación precisa de costos, en los efectos de largo plazo sobre las cadenas de suministro y en los análisis comparativos de marcos regulatorios.
- Eficiencia industrial
- reformulación de alimentos
- etiquetado nutricional
- costes operativos
- sostenibilidad productiva.
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