Evaluación de material particulado en cenizas de fondo de carbón y sus posibles efectos ecotóxicos: estudio preliminar
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Las actividades industriales que utilizan carbón como fuente de energía, generan cantidades considerables de residuos sólidos que afectan la dinámica natural del ambiente, así como a la salud humana. Entre los residuos generados se encuentran las cenizas de fondo de carbón, las cuales podrían generar efectos adversos en la salud humana, especialmente por afecciones respiratorias. En este sentido se presenta una caracterización física (tamaño de partícula), química y ambiental, de cenizas de fondo generadas a partir de la combustión del carbón en una industria colombiana. Las técnicas empleadas para el análisis de tamaño de partícula fueron microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), microscopía electrónica de transmisión (TEM) y microscopía óptica, donde se observa material particulado de interés ambiental PM10 y PM2.5. También se realizó un análisis químico a través de la técnica de Fluorescencia de Rayos X y un análisis termogravimétrico con el fin de determinar el contenido de carbón inquemado. Adicionalmente, se realizó un bioensayo con semillas de Vigna radiata el cual indicó una reducción de la radícula, siendo más notoria en concentración de 50 % al 100% de ceniza. En las cenizas estudiadas, se encontraron partículas a escala de micras y nanómetros que podrían generar efectos negativos en la salud por su inhalación; así como contenido de metales pesados y compuestos de cuidado por su potencial riesgo a la salud y al ambiente.
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Aceptado 2024-03-05
Publicado 2024-02-26
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