Chemical functionalization method to obtain graphene oxide adhered to the surface of high-density pyrolytic graphite plates by acid spray coating
Main Article Content
In recent years, graphene oxide has been the subject of study due to its electronic, magnetic, thermal and mechanical properties. This study presents two different methods of chemical functionalization to obtain graphene oxides (GO) adhered to a high-density pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface by acid spray coating. For the spraying in the first method, two strong acids (H2SO4 and HNO3) were used. In the second spray method, three strong acids (H2SO4 / HNO3 / HCl) were used. For both cases, the spray interval was 2, 4 and 6 hours. HOPG plates were characterized by SEM-EDS, FTIR, Raman. The presence of graphene oxide on the surface of the plate could be determined. This method demonstrates the ability to functionalize the surface of (HOPG), breaking its sp2 structure and forming defects where the characteristic functional groups of GO are found.
(1) Wu L, Ji H, Guan Y, Ran X, Ren J, Qu X. A graphene-based chemical nose / tongue approach for the identi fi cation of normal , cancerous and circulating tumor cells. NPG Asia Materials. 2017;9:e356. https://doi.org/10.1038/am.2017.11.
(2) Yu H, Zha B, Chaoke B, Li R, Xing R. High-efficient Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Based on Improved Hummers Method. Scientific Reports. 2016;6:36143. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36143.
(3) Lonkar SP, Deshmukh YS, Abdala AA. Recent advances in chemical modifications of graphene. Nano Res. 2015;8:1039–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-014-0622-9.
(4) Paulchamy B, Arthi G, Bd L. A Simple Approach to Stepwise Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Nanomaterial. J Nanomed Nanotechnol. 2015;6(1):1000253.https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7439.1000253.
(5) Zhou M, Tang J, Cheng Q, Xu G, Cui P, Qin L. Few-layer graphene obtained by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite cathode. Chemical Physics Letters. 2013;572:61–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2013.04.013.
(6) Karimipour M, Heydari-bafrooei E, Sanjari M, Johansson MB, Molaei M. A glassy carbon electrode modified with TiO2 (200)-rGO hybrid nanosheets for aptamer based impedimetric determination of the prostate specific antigen. Mikrochim Acta. 2018;186(1):33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-018-3141-7.
(7) Mcallister MJ, Li J, Adamson DH, Schniepp HC, Abdala AA, Liu J, et al. Single Sheet Functionalized Graphene by Oxidation and Thermal Expansion of Graphite. Chem. Mater. 2007;19(18):4396–404. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm0630800.
(8) Gilje S, Han S, Wang M, Wang KL, Kaner RB. Chemical Route to Graphene for Device Applications. Nano Lett. 2007;7(11):3394–98. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl0717715.
(9) Poniatowska A, Trzaskowski M, Ciach T. Production and properties of top-down and bottom-up graphene oxide. Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem Eng Asp. 2018;561:315-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.10.049.
(10) Osorio AG, Silveira ICL, Bueno VL, Bergmann CP. H2SO4/HNO3/HCl — Functionalization and its effect on dispersion of carbon nanotubes in aqueous media. Appl Surf Sci 2008;255(5-Part 1):2485–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.07.144.
(11) Compton OC, Nguyen ST. Graphene Oxide, Highly Reduced Graphene Oxide, and Graphene: Versatile Building Blocks for Carbon-Based Materials. Small. 2010;6(6):711–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200901934.
(12) Chen J, Yao B, Li C, Shi G. An improved Hummers method for eco-friendly synthesis of graphene oxide. Carbon. 2013;64:225–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2013.07.055.
(13) Zaaba NI, Foo KL, Hashim U, Tan SJ, Liu W, Voon CH. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide using Modified Hummers Method: Solvent Influence. Procedia Eng. 2017;184:469–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.118.
(14) Zhu BY, Murali S, Cai W, Li X, Suk JW, Potts JR, et al. Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. Advanced Materials. 2010:22(35):3906–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201001068.
(15) Yu P, Lowe SE, Simon GP, Zhong YL. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science Electrochemical exfoliation of graphite and production of functional graphene. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science. 2015;20(5-6):329–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2015.10.007.
(16) Marcano DC, Kosynkin D V, Berlin JM, Sinitskii A, Sun Z, Slesarev A, et al. Improved Synthesis of Graphene Oxide. ACS Nano 2010;4(8):4806–14. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn1006368.
(17) Osorio AG, Silveira ICL, Bueno VL, Bergmann CP. H2SO4 / HNO3 / HCl — Functionalization and its effect on dispersion of carbon nanotubes in aqueous media. Applied Surface Science. 2008;255:(5):2485–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.07.144.
(18) Liu J, Kok C, Zhan D, Lai L, Hua S, Wang L, et al. Improved synthesis of graphene flakes from the multiple electrochemical exfoliation of graphite rod. Nano Energy. 2013;2(3):377–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2012.11.003.
(19) Mir A, Shukla A. Bilayer-rich graphene suspension from electrochemical exfoliation of graphite. Mater Des. 2018;156:62-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.06.035.
(20) Singh R, Tripathi CC. Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphite into Graphene for Flexible Supercapacitor Application. Mater Today Proc. 2018;5(1):1125–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.192.
(21) Vartak R, Adarsh Rag, De S, Bhat S. A Facile Synthesis of Graphene Oxide (GO) and Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) by Electrochemical Exfoliation of Battery Electrode. In: Ray K, Sharan SN, Rawat S, Jain SK, Srivastava S, Bandyopadhyay A, editors. Engineering Vibration, Communication and Information Processing Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 478. Singapore: Springer; 2019. p. 537–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1642-5_48.
(22) He D, Marsden AJ, Li Z, Zhao R, Xue W, Bissett MA. A single step strategy to fabricate graphene fibres via electrochemical exfoliation for micro-supercapacitor applications. Electrochim Acta 2019.299:645-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2019.01.034.
(23) Rourke JP, Pandey PA, Moore JJ, Bates M, Kinloch IA, Young RJ, et al. The real graphene oxide revealed: Stripping the oxidative debris from the graphene-like sheets. Angew Chemie - Int Ed 2011;50(14):3173–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201007520.
(24) Staudenmaier L. Method for the preparation of the graphite acid. Eur J Inorg Chem 1898;31:1481–7.
(25) Wang Y, Alsmeyer DC, Mccreery RL. Raman spectroscopy of carbon materials: structural basis of observed spectra. Chem. Mater.1990;2(5):557–63. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00011a018.
(26) Shin Y, Jung S, Jeon I, Baek J. The oxidation mechanism of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite in a nitric acid / sulfuric acid mixture. Carbon. 2019;52:493–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2012.10.001.
(27) Venugopal G, Krishnamoorthy K, Mohan R, Kim S. An investigation of the electrical transport properties of graphene-oxide thin films. Mater Chem Phys 2012;132(1):29–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.10.040.
(28) Channei D, Nakaruk A, Phanichphant S. Controlled oxidative ageing time of graphite / graphite oxide to graphene oxide in aqueous media. Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society. 2018;54:91–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41779-017-0130-y.
(29) Adetayo A, Runsewe D. Synthesis and Fabrication of Graphene and Graphene Oxide: A Review. Open Journal of Composite Materials. 2019;9(2):207–29. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojcm.2019.92012.
(30) Sheshmani S, Fashapoyeh MA. Suitable chemical methods for preparation of graphene oxide, graphene and surface functionalized graphene nanosheets. Acta Chimica Slovenica. 2013;60(4):813–25
- Ruben Jesus Camargo Amado, Ana María Mosquera-Ayala, La revolución industrial 4.0 , Ingeniería y Competitividad: Vol. 25 No. 2 (2023): Ingeniería y Competitividad
- Ruben Jesus Camargo Amado, Juan Carlos Osorio, Fiderman Machuca-Martinez, Doctorado en Ingeniería de la Universidad del Valle: un pilar fundamental para el Desarrollo Regional y Nacional , Ingeniería y Competitividad: Vol. 25 No. Suplemento (2023): Edición Especial
- Ruben Jesus Camargo Amado, Ana María Mosquera-Ayala, Retos de la ingeniería sostenible , Ingeniería y Competitividad: Vol. 25 No. 1 (2023): Ingeniería y Competitividad.
- Ruben Jesus Camargo Amado, Ana María Mosquera-Ayala, La Inteligencia Artificial y la producción académica , Ingeniería y Competitividad: Vol. 24 No. 02 (2022): Ingeniería y Competitividad
Accepted 2021-03-20
Published 2021-05-18
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors grant the journal and Universidad del Valle the economic rights over accepted manuscripts, but may make any reuse they deem appropriate for professional, educational, academic or scientific reasons, in accordance with the terms of the license granted by the journal to all its articles.
Articles will be published under the Creative Commons 4.0 BY-NC-SA licence (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike).