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Autores

Las biorrefinerías son actores estratégicos en aspectos económicos, sociales y ambientales, que deben considerar las políticas de transición energética y los objetivos de una economía circular y sostenible. A pesar de su potencial para reducir gases de efecto invernadero, el impacto de la tecnología bioenergética en biorrefinerías vinculadas a la caña de azúcar debe evaluarse y abordarse para asegurar su crecimiento sostenible en el medio ambiente, la biodiversidad, los recursos hídricos y el uso de la tierra. Desde el punto de vista de captura de CO2, Colombia ha venido avanzando en las políticas para la implementación de la tecnología de captura, uso, y almacenamiento de carbono. El aprovechamiento de biogás a partir de la biomasa residual abre un abanico de oportunidades y desafíos para el país. Esta revisión contribuye a la implementación de tecnologías de bioenergía con captura de CO2 en biorrefinerías asociadas a la caña de azúcar y que podría ser útil para guiar a los profesionales en la toma de decisiones y las investigaciones futuras sobre biorrefinerías sostenibles.

Edgar Mosquera, Centro de Excelencia en Nuevos Materiales, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, Colombia

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1561-6994

Gerardo Cabrera, Centro de Excelencia en Nuevos Materiales, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, Colombia

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4600-519X

Carmen Forero, Escuela de Ingeniería de los Recursos Naturales y del Ambiente, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, Colombia

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0220-566X

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Duque Márquez I, Mesa Puyo D. Transición energética: un legado para el presente y el futuro de Colombia. Ministerio de Minas y Energía (2021). Disponible en: https://www.minenergia.gov.co/static/legado_transicion_energetica/src/document/TRANSICION%20ENERGETICA%20COLOMBIA%20BID-MINENERGIA-2403.pdf [consultada el 29/05/2024]

Ley No. 715 del 13 de mayo de 2014. Por medio de la cual se regula la integración de la energías renovables no convencionales al sistema energético nacional. Disponible en: http://www.upme.gov.co/normatividad/nacional/2014/ley_1715_2014.pdf [consultada el 29/05/2024]

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Obregon L, Valencia G, Duarte J. Study on the Applicability of Sustainable Development Policies in Electricity Generation Systems in Colombia. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2019; 9(6): 492-502 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.8375

Gonzalez-Salazara MA, Venturinia M, Poganietz WR, Finkenrath M, Manoel Regis L.V. Leal. Combining an accelerated deployment of bioenergy and land use strategies: Review and insights for a post-conflict scenario in Colombia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2017; 73: 159–177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.082

Yáñez E, Ramírez A, Núñez-López V, Castillo E, Faaij A. Exploring the potential of carbon capture and storage-enhanced oil recovery as a mitigation strategy in the Colombian oil industry. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2020; 94: 102938. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2019.102938

Younis A, Benders R, Delgado R, Lap T, Gonzalez-Salazar M, Cadena A, Faaij A. System analysis of the bio-based economy in Colombia: A bottom-up energy system model and scenario analysis. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2021; 15(2): 481-501. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.2167

ASOCAÑA 2022. Informe Anual 2021-2022. Disponible en: http://www.asocana.org/modules/documentos/17611.aspx

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Biodiésel y bioetanol: Imprescindible en la transición energética. Resvista Nacional de Agricultura (Ed. 1028, Agosto 2022). Disponible en: https://sac.org.co/biodiesel-y-bioetanol-imprescindibles-en-la-transicion-energetica/ [consultada el 29/05/2024]

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Resolución No. 40177 del 3 de julio de 2020. Por la cual se definen los energéticos de bajas o cero emisiones teniendo como criterio fundamental su contenido de componentes nocivos para la salud y el medio ambiente y se adoptan otras disposiciones. Disponible en: https://www.andi.com.co/Uploads/MinMinas-ResolucionConjunta-2020-N0040177_20200703.pdf [consultado el 29/05/2024]

Unidad de Planeación Minero Energética UPME (2020). Plan Energético Nacional 2020-2050. Tomado de: https://www1.upme.gov.co/DemandayEficiencia/Documents/PEN_2020_2050/Plan_Energetico_Nacional_2020_2050.pdf [consultado el 29/05/2024]

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Biofuels Market Size to Surpass US$ 201.21 Billion by 2030. Precedence Research, Disponible en: https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2022/01/19/2369236/0/en/Biofuels-Market-Size-to-Surpass-US-201-21-Billion-by-2030.html [consultado el 29/05/2024]

Bioethanol Market by Feedstock (Starch based, Sugar based, Cellulose-based), Fuel blend (E%, E10, E15 to E70, E75 & E85), End-use (transportation, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, alcoholic beverages), Generation and Region Global Forescast to 2028. Bioethanol Market, Disponible en: https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/bioethanol-market-131222570.html [consultado el 29/05/2024]

El bagazo de caña ayuda a la seguridad energética nacional. Revista Nacional de Agricultura N° 1016 · Julio 2021.

Más que azúcar, una fuente de energía renovable para el país. Sector Agroindustrial de la Caña. BioEnergía. Junio 2017, Disponible en: https://www.asocana.org/documentos/562017-BC7B477D-00FF00,000A000,878787,C3C3C3,0F0F0F,B4B4B4,FF00FF,2D2D2D.pdf [consultada el 29/05/2024]

Ley No 2099 del 10 de julio de 2021. Por medio de la cual se dictan disposiciones para la transición energética, la dinamización del mercado energético, la reactivación económica del país y se dictan otras disposiciones. Disponible en: https://dapre.presidencia.gov.co/normativa/normativa/LEY%202099%20DEL%2010%20DE%20JULIO%20DE%202021.pdf [consultada el 29/05/2024]

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Universidad Industrial de Santander. Unidad de Planeación Minero Energética. Realizar un análisis del potencial de reutilización de minerales en Colombia y definir estrategias orientadas a fomentar su aprovechamiento por parte de la industria en el país bajo el enfoque de economía circular. Contrato Interadministrativo CI-049-2018. Entregable No. 3. Documento de Análisis Internacional. Bucaramanga, 2018. http://www.andi.com.co/Uploads/Documento%20An%C3%A1lisis%20Nacional.pdf [consultado el 6/07/2023]

Recibido 2023-11-15
Aceptado 2024-02-14
Publicado 2024-05-30