Extraction and application of tannins from mango seed (Mangifera indica) as tanning agent for Santa Inés Sheepskin (Ovis aries)

Abstract

This research focused on the tanning of sheepskins (Ovis aries) using tannins extracted from mango kernels (Mangifera indica) to assess the potential of this byproduct. Tannin extractions were conducted using ethanol-water solutions at concentrations of 70%-30% and 50%-50%. Quantification was performed via the Folin-Ciocalteu method using gallic acid as a standard. The tanning ability on sheepskin was evaluated through the leather’s physical properties. The highest concentration of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) was obtained from the ethanol-water extraction at 50%-50%, with an average concentration of 110,1 mg GAE/g. Subsequently, the tanning process was applied to sheepskin, and the physical-mechanical properties of the leather were determined. Tensile strength values obtained were 12,7 MPa for the 50%-50% ethanol-water concentration and 11,3 MPa for the 70%-30% ratio. Elongation percentages were 11,7 N and 17,7 N, tear resistance values were 41,9 N and 58,0 N, shrinkage temperatures were 61°C and 60°C, distension measurements were 13,2 mm and 10,6 mm, and breakage forces were 37,4 daN and 48,3 daN respectively. Ultimately, the tanned leathers with tannins met 5 out of 6 analyzed tests according to UNE-EN ISO standards. Hence, the tannin extract from mango kernels demonstrates potential as a substitute for chromium salts, thereby favoring both environmental sustainability and the production of quality leather from sheepskin.