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Autores

Un aspecto importante para competir en el mercado mundial es la calidad del grano de cacao, la cual se encuentra influenciada por diferentes factores que van desde la genética hasta los procesos postcosecha. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto que tiene el estado de madurez (estadio 2, 3 y 4), el genotipo (CCN51, ICS95 y TSH565) y localización geográfica (Algeciras y Garzón, Colombia) del cacao sobre el pH, acidez titulable de la pulpa y el grano e índice de fermentación del grano durante los días 0, 3 y 7 de la fermentación. Las variables respuesta se analizaron a través de un análisis de varianza ANOVA, se realizaron comparaciones múltiples por medio de la prueba de Tukey con un nivel de significancia α= 0.05. Adicionalmente se realizó un análisis longitudinal dado que se tienen medidas en el tiempo y puede presentarse autocorrelación de los individuos en el tiempo, lo cual permite contrastar los resultados por medio de otro análisis. Los resultados evidenciaron que el factor de mayor influencia sobre las características fisicoquímicas evaluadas fue el genotipo, el cual afecta el pH del grano y la pulpa y el índice de fermentación. Así mismo, se pudo evidenciar que, de los tres genotipos evaluados, CCN51 se destacó por presentar menos acidez de grano, mayor pH de grano e índice de fermentación. De los factores evaluados el de mayor efecto durante la fermentación de cacao es el genotipo. Lo anterior permite establecer una solución a la heterogeneidad de calidad del grano, principal problema de comercialización internacional.

Martha del Pilar López-Hernández, Universidad del Tolima, Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica, Ibagué Tolima, Colombia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4214-0306

Sandra Esperanza Melo-Martinez, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Departamento de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agra-rias, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4875-7657

Jenifer Criollo-Núñez, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Centro de Investiga-ción Nataima. Ibagué Tolima, Colombia.

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1623-4966

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López-Hernández M del P, Melo-Martinez SE, Criollo-Núñez J. Efecto del estado de madurez, genotipo y localización geográfica sobre las características fisicoquímicas del grano de cacao durante la fermentación. inycomp [Internet]. 7 de julio de 2023 [citado 9 de mayo de 2024];25(3):e-20412503. Disponible en: https://revistaingenieria.univalle.edu.co/index.php/ingenieria_y_competitividad/article/view/12503

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