Transesterification of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis x Elaeis oleifera) using heterogenic acid catalysts and ultrasonic agitation
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This study reports the results of the transesterification of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis x Elaeis oleifera) using heterogeneous acid catalysts such as sulfated zirconia (ZS), sulfonated reduced graphene oxide (OGrS), Amberlyst 15 (A15) and beta zeolite. (Zβ). The solids were characterized by X-ray diffraction, surface area, and Brønsted-Lewis’ acidity. Reaction parameters such as: temperature, reaction time, percentage by weight of the catalyst load and the molar ratio of oil methanol were evaluated for the production of biodiesel. Furthermore, mechanical, and ultrasonic agitation were compared, where the latter was the most efficient agitation medium. The best percentages of reaction yield were obtained using a temperature of 40°C, 4 hours of reaction, 3% by weight of the catalyst with respect to the total volume of the mixture, a 1:30 molar ratio of palm oil: methanol and ultrasonic stirring. Regarding the stability of the catalysts, the performance of the reaction with reuse was evaluated, where the solids ZS and OGrS decreased 8% and 35%, while with A15 and Zβ it was reduced to 25% and 5% respectively.
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