Capital intelectual y transferencia tecnológica universitaria: un análisis exploratorio
Palabras clave:
capital intelectual, transferencia tecnológica, tercera misión, capital relacional, análisis de redes sociales, universidadesBarra lateral del artículo
Contenido principal del artículo
Introducción: El capital intelectual (CI) es un factor clave en los procesos de transferencia de tecnología (TT) en las instituciones de educación superior (IES), particularmente en el marco de la tercera misión de la universidad.
Objetivo: Identificar enfoques recurrentes y lagunas de conocimiento en la literatura sobre la relación entre las dimensiones del capital intelectual y los resultados de los procesos de transferencia de tecnología universitaria, prestando especial atención a las limitaciones para comprender y medir la dimensión relacional del capital intelectual en estos procesos.
Metodología: Se realizó un análisis exploratorio de la literatura utilizando Web of Science como base de datos principal, complementado con una estrategia de bola de nieve. El proceso se estructuró en tres fases: (i) planificación, que incluyó la definición del protocolo de revisión y la estrategia de búsqueda; (ii) ejecución, que comprendió la selección, la lectura del texto completo y el análisis de los estudios; y (iii) presentación de informes, durante la cual se sintetizaron y organizaron los hallazgos. El corpus analítico final comprendió 94 publicaciones.
Resultados: Los hallazgos indican que las dimensiones del capital intelectual, humano, estructural y relacional se han abordado de manera desigual en la literatura. El capital humano y estructural cuentan con enfoques de medición más consolidados, mientras que el capital relacional se ha evaluado principalmente mediante indicadores agregados o basados en la percepción.
Conclusiones: La literatura revisada muestra que su dimensión relacional presenta mayores limitaciones en cuanto a su medición y vinculación con los resultados de la transferencia de tecnología.
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