Gestión energética sostenible en la agroindustria del café: diagnóstico previo a ISO 50001

Publicado: 29-05-2026

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Introducción: Antes de implementar un Sistema de Gestión de la Energía conforme a la norma ISO 50001, se requiere un diagnóstico de ingeniería estructurado para identificar los usos energéticos significativos, establecer líneas de base fiables y respaldar la toma de decisiones técnicas.
Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo desarrollar y aplicar una evaluación diagnóstica basada en la ingeniería para evaluar el desempeño energético inicial y el cumplimiento de la norma ISO 50001 de una planta agroindustrial de café.
Métodos: Se empleó un enfoque transversal, no experimental y de métodos mixtos. La metodología integró análisis documental, entrevistas semiestructuradas, cuestionarios validados y datos históricos de consumo de energía (electricidad, gas licuado de petróleo y leña) durante el período 2020-2024.
Resultados: El diagnóstico reveló un nivel de cumplimiento inicial de aproximadamente el 28 % con los requisitos de la norma ISO 50001 e identificó el secado y el tostado como procesos que consumen energía de manera significativa, representando más del 50 % del consumo eléctrico. Se estableció una línea base energética promedio de 344 200 kWh eq/año. 
Conclusiones: El marco de diagnóstico propuesto proporciona una herramienta de ingeniería reproducible para respaldar la toma de decisiones basada en datos antes de la implementación de la norma ISO 50001. Los resultados demuestran su aplicabilidad en contextos agroindustriales y su potencial para guiar las estrategias de eficiencia energética, la planificación de inversiones y la gestión energética sostenible.

René Fernando Domínguez-Cruz, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas

Dr. René Fernando Domínguez-Cruz is a full Electrical and Electronic Department professor at the Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, UAT (Tamaulipas, México). He has a Bachelor’s degree in Physics from Universidad Veracruzana. He received his MS in Optics and his Ph.D. in Optics from the National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE), in 1998 and 2002, respectively. He was an associate professor at the Cuauhtémoc University Campus Puebla, teaching basic science subjects in the Industrial Engineering and Computer Systems Engineering majors from 1998 to 2002. His research interests include micro-structured and special optical fibers applied as sensors of physical parameters. He is a Mexican National System of Researchers (SNI level I) member.

Juan José Zelaya-Zeledón, Independent researcher. Universidad Nacional Francisco Luis Espinoza Pineda, Estelí, Nicaragua.

Independent researcher

Alonso Vargas-Vargas, Independent researcher. Universidad de Costa Rica. San José, Costa Rica.

Independent researcher

Yadira A. Fuentes-Rubio, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas

Dr. Yadira Aracely Fuentes-Rubio is an associate professor in the Electronics Department at the Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, UAT, Tamaulipas, México. She received her MS degree and her Ph.D. degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from the UAT in 2014 and 2022, respectively. She is a member of the Mexican National System of Researchers (SNI level C). Her research includes the development of fiber optic devices with applications to sensors and biosensors for the measurement of physical and biophysical parameters.

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