Innovación Abierta en las PYMEs: una Revisión de la Literatura
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Introducción: Las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) son esenciales para el desarrollo económico en los países en desarrollo, ya que juegan un papel clave en la generación de empleo y en la dinamización de las economías locales. La innovación es crucial para mejorar su competitividad; sin embargo, debido a los recursos limitados con los que cuentan, la innovación abierta se presenta como una alternativa viable para potenciar su capacidad innovadora. A pesar de la importancia de este enfoque, la investigación sobre innovación en el contexto de las pymes sigue siendo limitada.
Metodología: Este artículo realiza una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura existente sobre innovación abierta en pymes, con el objetivo de explorar cómo se desarrolla este proceso en dichas organizaciones. Se analizaron 127 artículos académicos obtenidos de bases de datos como Scopus, Web of Science y Science Direct. El análisis se centró en identificar las principales estrategias, desafíos, facilitadores e indicadores asociados con la innovación abierta, así como el papel que desempeñan las tecnologías en este proceso.
Resultados: Los resultados muestran una adopción creciente de estrategias de innovación abierta en las pymes. Se destaca la importancia de los indicadores de innovación y el uso de tecnologías que faciliten la transferencia de conocimiento, lo cual es clave dada la limitación de recursos. Los métodos más utilizados para estudiar este fenómeno son los casos de estudio y las encuestas. Además, se observa un enfoque creciente en herramientas para interactuar con los clientes y colaborar con grandes empresas. La tecnología juega un papel esencial en la integración del conocimiento y en la mejora de la agilidad en el mercado.
Conclusiones: A pesar de las ventajas de la innovación abierta, las pymes enfrentan desafíos significativos, como la falta de financiación, la resistencia al cambio y las dificultades en la protección de la propiedad intelectual. Sin embargo, la colaboración con universidades y consultores fortalece los ecosistemas de innovación, y las tecnologías digitales juegan un rol crucial en optimizar la absorción de conocimiento. Los riesgos asociados a la protección de la propiedad intelectual y la optimización de los procesos de transferencia de conocimiento son áreas críticas a abordar para mejorar los resultados de la innovación abierta en las pymes.
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Aceptado 2025-03-03
Publicado 2025-03-06
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