Nanomateriales de carbono: uso en biosensores electroquímicos para el diagnóstico temprano del cáncer
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Introducción: El cáncer es una de las principales causas de mortalidad a nivel mundial, y su detección temprana mejora las tasas de supervivencia. Los métodos convencionales son costosos, invasivos y de largo tiempo de análisis. Los biosensores electroquímicos surgen como una alternativa eficiente para detectar biomarcadores de cáncer de forma rápida y precisa.
Objetivo: Revisar el uso de nanomateriales de carbono en biosensores electroquímicos para la detección temprana del cáncer, destacando sus propiedades, ventajas y desafíos en aplicaciones biomédicas.
Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda en Scopus y Web of Science de artículos publicados desde 2018 en inglés. Se usaron ecuaciones de búsqueda con términos clave y se aplicaron filtros de inclusión y exclusión. Los estudios seleccionados fueron organizados y analizados sistemáticamente según el tipo de nanomaterial de carbono utilizado.
Resultados: Los nanomateriales de carbono mejoran la sensibilidad y selectividad de los biosensores electroquímicos, permitiendo la detección de biomarcadores a muy bajas concentraciones. El grafeno y el óxido de grafeno reducido destacan por su alta conductividad y facilidad de funcionalización.
Conclusiones: La incorporación de nanomateriales de carbono en biosensores electroquímicos contribuye en la detección temprana del cáncer. Sin embargo, se requiere más investigación al respecto para mejorar la tecnología y lograr su traslado a entornos clínicos.
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Aceptado 2025-02-13
Publicado 2025-03-20
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