Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols from mandarin peel (C. reticulata Blanco)
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Mandarin peel (Citrus reticulata Blanco) contains significant amounts of bioactive compounds, which can add value to this fruit’s residues. Different bioactive compound extraction methods have been implemented as an alternative to conventional ones, achieving high yields in the recovery of these compounds with a shorter extraction time and less solvent use. In this research, polyphenols were extracted from mandarin peels using an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique. Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH colorimetric methods were used to determine polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity. The effects of amplitude percentage, temperature, extraction time on total polyphenol content (TPC), and antioxidant capicity (AC) were evaluated using a central composite design (CCD) – Response surface methodology (RSM). In addition, the desirability composite was used to calculate the optimal process conditions. The results showed maximum TPC and AC values of 211.82 mg GAE/100g dw and 19.16 mM TE/100g dw. The optimized UAE conditions were 28% amplitude, 33.3 °C, and 30.8 min, with a total polyphenol content of 205.60 mg GAE/100g dw and an antioxidant capacity of 18.98 mM TE/100g dw. Finally, the TPC and AC of the peel extracts obtained in the UEA optimization were compared with the results of a conventional extraction (Soxhlet method). The results obtained from the extraction yield of the optimized UAE (87.74 %) showed a higher efficiency than the Soxhlet method, and presented the UAE as a good alternative for extracting polyphenols from mandarin peel.
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Accepted 2024-02-08
Published 2023-09-08
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