Andamios porosos para ingeniería de tejidos óseos: características geométricas, requerimientos de uso, y materiales y métodos de manufactura aditiva
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Los materiales con una estructura porosa interna que reemplazan hueso dañado y sirven como andamios para pro-cesos regenerativos son una herramienta fundamental en la ingeniería de tejidos óseos. En los últimos años, se ha investigado sobre la geometría interna que deben tener los andamios de modo que respondan a requerimientos específicos. El objetivo de esta revisión es mostrar los biomateriales y métodos de manufactura aditiva que se usan en la fabricación de andamios, las principales características geométricas de las celdas que conforman los materiales celulares, las formas que estas celdas se distribuyen en el espacio entre otros. Para la revisión sistemática se consultó la base de datos Google Scholar. Para esto se usaron los términos en inglés: bone tissue engineering scaffold geometric design. Los criterios de inclusión fueron que los documentos estuvieran en idioma inglés y estuvieran publicados de 2018 en adelante. Se revisaron los primeros 200 resultados y se priorizaron aquellos que eran artículos de revisión. Se destacó la importancia del tamaño de poro y porcentaje de porosidad como las propiedades geométricas que más influyen en las propiedades mecánicas, biológicas y de permeabilidad del andamio. Se muestra como la investigación actual tiende hacia biomateriales degradables que puedan generar una respuesta en el tejido que crece sobre ellos y el diseño de estructuras en donde la búsqueda de una propiedad requerida guía el diseño del andamio mediante métodos procedimentales o de optimización lo que supone un cambio frente al estudio de una o más celdas para establecer si sus propiedades se ajustaban a lo requerido.
Marco Antonio Velasco Peña, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, Colombia.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4436-9443
Lina Fernanda Toro Toro, Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje – SENA, Bogotá, Colombia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0979-3241
Diego Alexander Garzón-Alvarado, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0072-3738
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Aceptado 2023-07-21
Publicado 2023-07-27
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