Gilsonite: An organic mineral with special physical-chemical properties, current uses and future prospects applications.
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Due to its chemical composition, gilsonite of natural origin that contains the four main fractions (saturated, asphaltenes, resins and aromatics compounds) and it is characterized by having a great amount of carbon element (>84%) and minimum sulfur content (≪ 0.3%) and other important properties which determine multiple current applications (energy, inks and paints, oil well drilling, gilsocarbon for nuclear reactors, pneumatics rubber additive, petroleum emulsion, road paving, metal foundry, filter to retain cyanide ion, toluene and so on) and promising for the future, that is covered in this article. It was found that gilsonite has the proper amount of carbon to graphitize and subsequently convert to graphene, which opens possibilities for applications in graphene oxide-based materials and photovoltaic cells. Asphaltenes extracted from crude oil are very similar with respect to the structure and composition of gilsonite, which makes the latter a cheaper alternative to develop similar applications (graphene coating on military vehicles, creation of flexible screens and so on). In Colombia there is exploration of gilsonite, but its use is traditional and limited as an asphalt binding agent to improve the mechanical efficiency of pavements. Due to its structure, gilsonite can also be used in the removal of cyanide ion as its main application in the decontamination of rivers and aquifers affected by mining.
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