Changes in air quality associated with road traffic during COVID-19 lockdown in Santiago de Cali, Colombia
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
The temporal and spatial variation of traffic in the urban area of the District of Santiago de Cali and its relationship with the concentration of particulate matter in the city for the first half of 2020 were analyzed in this research. Traffic data shared by the Secretariat of Mobility of Cali and PM2.5 and PM10 concentration data measured by the local environmental protection agency, DAGMA, were used. The vehicle flow data was evaluated, especially for motorcycles and automobiles. The hourly behavior of all variables was analyzed. Since the study period includes the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the analysis of traffic and pollutant variables was carried out for three sub-periods called: pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown. PM reductions of up to 69% were observed during the lockdown period compared to the pre-lockdown period. One in the center and the other in the south of the city were found to show the highest traffic and the highest PM concentrations. The high vehicle volumes in these points respond to the characteristics of high supply and agglomeration of certain services, which increase the number of trips to these areas. Finally, the spatial variability of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations was analyzed, confirming the relationship between the high concentrations of these pollutants and the roads with high vehicular traffic in the city. Results confirm that mobile sources are one of the main sources affecting air quality in Cali.
Gulia S, Shiva Nagendra SM, Khare M, Khanna I. Gestión de la calidad del aire urbano: una revisión. Atmos Pollut Res [Internet]. 2015;6(2):286–304. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.5094/apr.2015.033
Vilas Boas DS, Matsuda M, Toffoletto O, Garcia MLB, Saldiva PHN, Marquezini MV. Workers of São Paulo city, Brazil, exposed to air pollution: Assessment of genotoxicity. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen [Internet]. 2018;834:18–24. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.08.002
United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT). State of Latin America and Caribbean cities: Towards a new urban transition. Nueva York, NY, Estados Unidos de América: United Nations;2012.
United Nations. World Urbanization Prospects [Internet]. Population.un.org. 2019 [citado el 12 de enero de 2022]. Disponible en: https://population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018-Report.pdf
Jannin R, Bertossi F. Organización institucional del transporte metropolitano en América Latina: 3 casos de estudio [Internet]. Codatu.org. [citado el 12 de enero de 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.codatu.org/wp-content/uploads/ART-LATAM-vf.pdf
World vehicles in use -all vehicles [Internet]. Oica.net. 2005 [citado el 12 de enero de 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.oica.net/wp-content/uploads//Total_in-use-All-Vehicles.pdf
Franco JF. Contaminación atmosférica en centros urbanos. Desafío para lograr su sostenibilidad: caso de estudio Bogotá. Revista Escuela De Administración De Negocios. 2012;(72):193–204.
WHO. Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10 ), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide WHO global air quality guidelines [Internet]. 2021 [citado el 12 de enero de 2022]. Disponible en: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/345329/9789240034228-eng.pdf´
Gómez Peláez LM, Santos JM, de Almeida Albuquerque TT, Reis NC Jr, Andreão WL, de Fátima Andrade M. Air quality status and trends over large cities in South America. Environ Sci Policy [Internet]. 2020;114:422–35. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2020.09.009
Chang F-J, Chang L-C, Kang C-C, Wang Y-S, Huang A. Explore spatio-temporal PM2.5 features in northern Taiwan using machine learning techniques. Sci Total Environ [Internet]. 2020;736(139656):139656. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139656
Liang LS, Jing JL, Wang AN, Luo FL. Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of PM2.5 concentration in “2+26” cities. ISPRS - Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spat Inf Sci [Internet]. 2020;XLII-3/W10:995–1000. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w10-995-2020
Zhou S, Lin R. Spatial-temporal heterogeneity of air pollution: The relationship between built environment and on-road PM2.5 at micro scale. Transp Res D Transp Environ [Internet]. 2019;76:305–22. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2019.09.004
Xu X, Zhang T. Spatial-temporal variability of PM2.5 air quality in Beijing, China during 2013-2018. J Environ Manage [Internet]. 2020;262(110263):110263. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110263
Manisalidis I, Stavropoulou E, Stavropoulos A, Bezirtzoglou E. Environmental and health impacts of air pollution: A review. Front Public Health [Internet]. 2020;8:14. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00014
Bertaccini P, Dukic V, Ignaccolo R. Modeling the short-term effect of traffic and meteorology on air pollution in Turin with generalized additive models. Adv Meteorol [Internet]. 2012;2012:1–16. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/609328
Munir S, Coskuner G, Jassim MS, Aina YA, Ali A, Mayfield M. Changes in air quality associated with mobility trends and meteorological conditions during COVID-19 lockdown in Northern England, UK. Atmosphere (Basel) [Internet]. 2021;12(4):504. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040504
Silva Vinasco JP, Canchala Nastar T del R. Variación espacial y temporal de concentraciones de PM10 en el área urbana de Santiago de Cali, Colombia. Ingeniería de Recursos Naturales y del Ambiente [Internet]. 2013;(12):129–41. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=231130851011
Congreso. Ley 1933 del 01/08/2018 [Internet]. 2018 [citado el 12 de enero de 2022]. Disponible en: https://dapre.presidencia.gov.co/normativa/normativa/LEY%201933%20DEL%2001%20DE%20AGOSTO%20DE%202018.pdf
Fenalco, ANDI. INFORME DEL SECTOR AUTOMOTOR A DICIEMBRE 2020 [Internet]. 2021 [citado el 12 de enero de 2022]. Disponible en: http://www.andi.com.co/Uploads/12.%20INFORME%20DEL%20SECTOR%20AUTOMOTOR%20A%20DIC%202020_COMPLETO%20(2).pdf
DAGMA. Estado de la calidad del aire - evento enero. 11/01/2020. Disponible en: https://www.cali.gov.co/dagma/publicaciones/38365/sistema_de_vigilancia_de_calidad_del_aire_de_cali_svcac/
Fenalco, ANDI. Informe del sector automotor a diciembre 2020. [Internet]. 2021 [citado el 12 de enero de 2022]. Disponible en: http://www.andi.com.co/Uploads/12.%20INFORME%20DEL%20SECTOR%20AUTOMOTOR%20A%20DIC%202020_COMPLETO%20(2).pdf
Posada Henao JJ, Farbiarz Castro V, González Calderón CA. Análisis del “pico y placa” como restricción a la circulación vehicular en Medellín basado en volúmenes vehiculares. Dyna (Medellin) [Internet]. 2011;78(165):112–21. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=49622372011
Molina C, Ríos P, Ortiz A. Incremento del parque automotor y su influencia en la congestión de las principales ciudades colombianas [Internet]. Org.mx. [citado el 12 de enero de 2022]. Disponible en: http://observatoriogeograficoamericalatina.org.mx/egal12/Geografiasocioeconomica/Geografiadeltransporte/37.pdf
Departamento de Planeación Municipal. Plan de ordenamiento territorial - POT año 2000 [Internet]. Alcaldía de Santiago de Cali. 2000 [citado el 12 de enero de 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.cali.gov.co/planeacion/publicaciones/46688/pot_2000_idesc/
Secretaría de Movilidad. Movilidad [Internet]. Alcaldía de Santiago de Cali. 2015 [citado el 12 de enero de 2022]. Disponible en: https://idesc.cali.gov.co/download/movilidad/comportamiento_vial/42.pdf
CVC. Informe Final. Actualización del inventario de emisiones de Santiago de Cali. [Internet]. Alcaldía de Santiago de Cali. 2018 [citado el 12 de enero de 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.cali.gov.co/dagma/loader.php?lServicio=Tools2&lTipo=descargas&lFuncion=descargar&idFile=30513
Vasconcellos E, Corporación Andina de Fomento. Análisis de la movilidad urbana: espacio, medio ambiente y equidad [Internet]. Bogotá;Banco de Desarrollo de América Latina: Corporación Andina de Fomento; 2011 [citado el 12 de enero de 2022]. Disponible en: http://scioteca.caf.com/handle/123456789/414
Echeverri Durán C, Restrepo DM, Morales LF. Medios de transporte sostenibles y mercado de bienes residenciales. Un análisis para Medellín. Desarro Soc [Internet]. 2019;(83):145–83. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.13043/dys.83.4
Mosquera J. El transporte en bicicleta: consolidando inequidades en las calles de Cali, Colombia 1 [Internet]. Redalyc.org. [citado el 12 de enero de 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/996/99647007005.pdf
Mendez-Espinosa JF, Rojas NY, Vargas J, Pachón JE, Belalcazar LC, Ramírez O. Air quality variations in Northern South America during the COVID-19 lockdown. Sci Total Environ [Internet]. 2020;749(141621):141621. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141621
García Ávila PA, Rojas NY. Análisis del origen de PM10 y PM2.5 en Bogotá gráficos polares. Rev Mutis [Internet]. 2016;6(2):47–58. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.21789/22561498.1150
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors grant the journal and Universidad del Valle the economic rights over accepted manuscripts, but may make any reuse they deem appropriate for professional, educational, academic or scientific reasons, in accordance with the terms of the license granted by the journal to all its articles.
Articles will be published under the Creative Commons 4.0 BY-NC-SA licence (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike).