Disponibilidad inherente de los sistemas de protección y control en una bahía de línea de 500 kV: estudio de caso en Colombia
Palabras clave:
Disponibilidad inherente, Sistemas de protección y control, Subestaciones de extra alta tensión, Dispositivos electrónicos inteligentes, IEC 61850, Diagrama de bloques de confiabilidadBarra lateral del artículo
Contenido principal del artículo
Introducción: La disponibilidad de los sistemas de protección y control en bahías de línea de 500 kV es un factor determinante para garantizar la continuidad operativa y la seguridad del Sistema de Transmisión Nacional.
Objetivo: Evaluar la disponibilidad inherente de los sistemas de protección y control de una bahía de línea de 500 kV en configuración interruptor y medio, mediante la comparación entre parámetros nominales de confiabilidad suministrados por fabricantes y datos históricos de falla y reparación.
Metodología: Se desarrolló en MATLAB un modelo serie-paralelo basado en Diagramas de Bloques de Confiabilidad (RBD) para representar 13 componentes de los niveles 1 y 2 del sistema de protección y control, incluyendo relés de protección, controladores de bahía y switches de comunicación con redundancia LAN A/LAN B bajo IEC 61850. Los parámetros nominales proporcionados por Siemens® y GE® fueron comparados con una base histórica equivalente a 287 equipos en operación durante 12 años, con 81 fallas registradas.
Resultados: La disponibilidad total calculada con datos históricos provenientes de los sistemas de control y protección de la línea que se estudio fue de 99.8408%, en contraste con la información del fabricante que indicaba la disponibilidad sería del 99,9977 %.
Conclusiones: Los datos de catálogo sobrestiman significativamente el desempeño real de los sistemas de protección y control. Asimismo, los tiempos reales de reparación son considerablemente superiores a los asumidos por los fabricantes, evidenciando la necesidad de incorporar datos históricos de operación en los estudios de disponibilidad, la planificación del mantenimiento y la gestión de activos en subestaciones de extra alta tensión.
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