Procesos de ozonización para la eliminación de acetaminofén en aguas residuales: revisión sistemática y bibliométrica
Palabras clave:
Contaminantes emergentes, Efluentes hospitalarios, Ozonización catalítica, Paracetamol, Procesos de oxidación avanzada , radicales hidroxiloBarra lateral del artículo
Contenido principal del artículo
Introducción: El acetaminofén es un contaminante emergente de creciente preocupación por su presencia y persistencia en cuerpos de agua. Los procesos convencionales de tratamiento de aguas residuales presentan limitaciones para eliminar compuestos farmacéuticos y pueden alcanzar bajos niveles de mineralización, favoreciendo la formación de subproductos intermedios potencialmente tóxicos. En este contexto, la ozonización catalítica se perfila como una tecnología avanzada para mejorar su degradación y mineralización.
Objetivo: Analizar el comportamiento y la eficiencia de los procesos de ozonización y ozonización catalítica para la remoción de acetaminofén en aguas residuales.
Metodología: Se recopilaron 82 artículos científicos publicados entre 1988 y 2025, seleccionados mediante una búsqueda sistemática en Scopus. La información se procesó mediante VOSviewer para caracterizar las tendencias de investigación y estructurar una revisión técnica especializada.
Resultados: Los resultados bibliométricos evidenciaron un incremento sostenido del interés científico desde 2013, con un pico entre 2017 y 2022, asociado principalmente con ozonation, pharmaceuticals y wastewater treatment. La revisión técnica confirmó las limitaciones de los tratamientos biológicos convencionales frente a compuestos recalcitrantes como el acetaminofén. La ozonización catalítica, particularmente mediante catalizadores como la magnetita, mostró mayor capacidad de degradación y mineralización, alcanzando hasta 99,2%, frente a aproximadamente 51% de reducción de DQO reportada para la ozonización simple.
Conclusiones: La ozonización catalítica se posiciona como una alternativa prometedora para el tratamiento avanzado de aguas residuales con contaminantes farmacéuticos.
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