Evaluación comparativa de tecnologías de remediación para optimizar la calidad de aguas grises en economía circular
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Introducción: las aguas grises contienen contaminantes que alteran el equilibrio ecológico, reducen la disponibilidad de agua para usos productivos y limitan el acceso a este recurso en diversas regiones. Su tratamiento es esencial para mitigar impactos ambientales y fomentar la gestión sostenible de los recursos hídricos.
Objetivo: comparar la eficiencia de la electrorremediación (ER), fitorremediación (PR) y electrofitorremediación (EPR) en el tratamiento de aguas grises bajo un enfoque de economía circular en la comunidad de Los Otates, Huanímaro, Guanajuato.
Metodología: se trataron aguas grises mediante sistemas de ER, PR y EPR, utilizando Zantedeschia aethiopica en PR y EPR. Se analizaron quince parámetros fisicoquímicos, incluyendo fosfatos, nitratos, oxígeno disuelto, pH y conductividad eléctrica. La eficacia del tratamiento se evaluó mediante el Índice de Calidad del Agua (ICA).
Resultados: la PR alcanzó la mayor reducción del ICA (59,59%), seguida por la EPR (40,32%) y la ER (27,4%). Los procesos electrocinéticos generaron coágulos de hidróxidos de hierro y aluminio, que favorecieron la remoción de contaminantes. Los cristales de oxalato de calcio extraídos de Z. aethiopica se reutilizaron con fines insecticidas, reforzando el concepto de economía circular.
Conclusiones: la fitorremediación fue la tecnología más eficaz para mejorar la calidad de las aguas grises, mientras que los procesos electrocinéticos aportaron mecanismos complementarios de remoción. La combinación de tratamiento y aprovechamiento de subproductos respalda la gestión hídrica sostenible, contribuyendo a la restauración ambiental y al mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida en comunidades vulnerables.
- Aguas Grises
- Contaminantes Ambientales
- Zantedeschia aethiopica
- Oxalato de Calcio
- Calidad del Agua
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