Contenido principal del artículo

Autores

El propósito de este artículo es proponer un modelo de evaluación de la gestión del conocimiento (GC) y del capital intelectual (CI) para agregar valor a las pymes del sector turístico del departamento de Caldas, Colombia. El artículo establece el estado de la GC y el CI en algunas de sus variables y propone algunas alternativas de aplicación. El estudio se basa en un modelo de evaluación de la GC y en algunas de las características más importantes de la evaluación del CI y se apoya en un análisis descriptivo y correlacional. Los principales hallazgos muestran la validación del modelo de evaluación y una correlación altamente significativa de sus variables. Es necesario capacitar a los empleados que tienen contacto directo con los turistas, tanto para incorporar buenas prácticas y lecciones aprendidas como para personalizar los servicios y conocer a fondo a los clientes y de esa manera ofrecer experiencias de servicio.

1.
Marulanda CE, López M, Gómez CH. Gestión del conocimiento y capital intelectual de las empresas del sector turístico del Departamento de Caldas – Colombia. inycomp [Internet]. 30 de octubre de 2021 [citado 29 de marzo de 2024];24(1). Disponible en: https://revistaingenieria.univalle.edu.co/index.php/ingenieria_y_competitividad/article/view/11058

(1) Alonso LF, Fernández-Rodríguez CJ. El imaginario Managerial: el discurso de la fluidez en la sociedad económica. Política y sociedad. 2006;43(2):127-151. Available from: https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/POSO/article/view/POSO0606220127A.

(2) Sanabria S, Morales M, Arias M. Acumulación de conocimiento, innovación y competitividad en aglomeraciones empresariales. Facultad de Ciencias económicas. 2010;18(2):19-53. https://doi.org/10.18359/rfce.2271.

(3) Romer D, Mathison L, Rojas D. A proposal for knowledge management in small and medium enterprise: an ispace based in ITC/IS. Revista da Micro e Pequena Empresa. 2009;3(2):120-143. Available from: http://www.cc.faccamp.br/ojs-2.4.8-2/index.php/RMPE/article/view/64.

(4) Meisel S, Bermeo H, Oviedo L. Generación de valor a través de la gestión estratégica del conocimiento, innovación y la mejor continua. Scientia et Technica. 2006; 32(1): 165-170. Available from: https://revistas.utp.edu.co/index.php/revistaciencia/article/view/6419.

(5) Sandberg M, Klockars K, Wilén K. Green growth or degrowth? Assessing the normative justifications for environmental sustainability and economic growth through critical social theory. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019;206:133-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.175.

(6) Wang MH, Yang TY. Investigating the success of knowledge management: An empirical study of small and medium-sized enterprises. Asia Pacific Management Review. 2016; 21(2): 79-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2015.12.003.

(7) Sheng-Hshiung T, Wei-Rong L, Chang-Hua Y. Place- and activity-related antecedents of challenge perception in adventure tourism. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism. 2020; 31:100318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2020.100318.

(8) Mendez J. El turismo de naturaleza es la apuesta del departamento. Periódico La Patria [www.lapatria.com]. 2013 [cited 2013 11 18]. Available from: https://www.lapatria.com/negocios/el-turismo-de-naturaleza-es-la-apuesta-del-departamento-jefe-de-unidad-de-turismo-48482

(9) Toro-Galvis JM, Ocampo-López, OL, Ovalle-Castiblanco AM, Serna-López, ML. Impactos del programa Alianzas para la Innovación en empresas del sector TIC de Caldas. Scientia et technica. 2019;24(3), 436-445. https://doi.org/10.22517/23447214.20751.

(10) Tsoukas H, Vladimirou E. What is Organizational Knowledge? Journal of Management Studies. 2001; 38(7), 974-993. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00268.

(11) Davenport TH, Prusak L. Working Knowledge: How organizations manage what they know. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1998.

(12) Civit RA, Siever A. La gestión integral del conocimiento y del aprendizaje. Economía Industrial. 1999; 326: 63-72.

(13) Alavy M, Leidner D. Review knowledge management and knowledge management systems conceptual foundations and research issues. MIS Quarterly. 2001;25(1):107-136. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250961.

(14) Earl M. Knowledge Management Strategies: Toward a Taxonomy. Journal of Management information Systems. 2001; 18(1):215-233. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2001.11045670.

(15) Riesco M. El negocio es el conocimiento. Madrid: Díaz de Santos. 2006.

(16) Barney J. Firm Resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal de of management. 1991; 17(1): 99-100. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108.

(17) Dosi G, Teece DJ, Winter S. Toward a theory of corporate coherence: Preliminary Remarks. In: Dosi G, Toninelli eds. Technology and Enterprise in a Historical Perspective. Oxford: Clarendon Press of Oxford University Press; 1992.

(18) Arthur J, Huntley C. Ramping up the organizational learning curve: Assessing the impact of deliberate learning on organizational performance under gainsharing. Academy of Management Journal. 2005; 48 (6): 1159−1170. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2005.19573115.

(19) Collins C, Smith K. Knowledge exchange and combination: The role of human resource practices in the performance of high-technology firms. Academy of Management Journal. 2006; 49(3): 544−560. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2006.21794671.

(20) Mesmer-Magnus J, DeChurch L. Information sharing and team performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2009; 94(2):535−546. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013773.

(21) Lin H. Knowledge sharing and firm innovation capability: An empirical study. International Journal of Manpower. 2007; 28(3/4): 315−332. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437720710755272.

(22) Barroso-Rodríguez G, Delgado-Fernández M. Gestión del cambio organizacional a través de proyectos. Ingeniería Industrial. 2007;28(1):42-47. Available from: https://rii.cujae.edu.cu/index.php/revistaind/article/view/69.

(23) Barragán A. Aproximación a una taxonomía de modelos de gestión del conocimiento. Intangible Capital. 2009; 5(1):65-101. https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.2009.v5n1.p65-101.

(24) Morin E. Introducción al Pensamiento Complejo. Barcelona: Editorial Gedisa S.A. 1994.

(25) Salazar F. Estrategias para la implementación de Gestión del Conocimiento para la empresa UNE–Telefónica de Pereira. [Master’s Thesis]. Manizales: Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales; 2014. Avaible from: https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/31080.

(26) Harrison J, Lin Z, Carroll G, Carley K. Simulation modeling in organizational and management research. Academy of Management Review. 2007; 32(4): 1229-1245. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.26586485.

(27) Buckley PJ. The theory and empirics of the structural reshaping of globalization. Journal of International Business Studies. (2020); 51(9): 1580-1592. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-020-00355-5.

(28) Wiig K. Integrating Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Management. Long Range Planning. 1997; 30(3): 399-405. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-6301(97)90256-9.

(29) Roos G, Roos J. Measuring your Company’s Intellectual Performance. Long Range Planning. 1997; 30(3): 413-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-6301(97)90260-0.

(30) Brooking A. The Management of Intellectual Capital. Long Range Planning. 1997; 30(3): 364 – 365. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-6301(97)80911-9.

(31) Joia L. The impact of government-to-government endeavors on the intellectual capital of public organizations. Government Information Quarterly. 2008; 25(2): 256–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2007.06.004.

(32) Hsu YH, Fang W. Intellectual capital and new product development performance: The mediating role of organizational learning capability. Technological Forecasting & Social Change. 2009; 76(5): 664–677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2008.03.012.

(33) Rossi C, Cricelli, L, Grimaldi M, Greco, M. The strategic assessment of intellectual capital assets: An application within Terradue Srl. Journal of Business Research. 2016; 69(5): 1598–1603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.10.024.

(34) Patthirasinsiri N, Wiboonrat M. Measuring intellectual capital of science park performance for newly established science parks in Thailand. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences. 2019; 40(1):82-90. Available from: https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/kjss/article/view/235377.

(35) Nuryaman. The Influence of Intellectual Capital on The Firm’s Value with The Financial Performance as Intervening Variable. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2015; 211: 292–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.037.

(36) Mehralian G, Reza H, Akhavan P, Rajabzadeh A. Prioritization of intellectual capital indicators in knowledge-based industries: Evidence from pharmaceutical industry. International Journal of Information Management. 2013; 33(1): 209–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2012.10.002.

(37) Carmona-Lavado A, Cuevas-Rodríguez G, Cabello-Medina C. Social and organizational capital: Building the context for innovation. Industrial Marketing Management. 2010; 39(4): 681–690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2009.09.003.

(38) Costa R. Assessing Intellectual Capital efficiency and productivity: An application to the Italian yacht manufacturing sector. Expert Systems with Applications. 2012; 39(8): 7255–7261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2012.01.099.

(39) Fan I, Lee R. Design of a weighted and informed NK model for intellectual capital-based innovation planning. Expert Systems with Applications. 2012; 39(10): 9222–9229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2012.02.083.

(40) Gadau L. The intellectual capital a significant, but insufficiently highlighted source in the financial situations. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2012;62:668–671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.113.

(41) Nedjati A, Izbirak G. Evaluating the Intellectual Capital by ANP Method in a Dairy Company. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2013; 107: 136–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.840.

(42) Kalkan A, Bozkurt Ö, Arman M. The impacts of intellectual capital, innovation and organizational strategy on firm performance. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2014; 150: 700–707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.025.

(43) Chen DN, Liang TP. Knowledge evolution strategies and organizational performance: A strategic analysis. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications. 2011; 10(1): 75-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2010.10.004.

(44) Marulanda C, Giraldo J, Serna H. Modelo de evaluación de gestión del conocimiento para las pymes del sector de tecnologías de la información. AD-minister. 2015;(26): 17-39. https://doi.org/10.17230/ad-minister.26.2.

(45) Zúñiga-Collazos A, Castillo-Palacio M. Turismo en Colombia: Resultados del sector. Repositorio Universidad Santiago de Cali [www repository.usc.edu.co]. 2012 [cited 2020 06 27]. Available from:https://repository.usc.edu.co/handle/20.500.12421/2269

(46) Dickinson DK. Teachers’ language practices and academic outcomes of preschool children. Science. 2011; 333(6045): 964-967. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1204526.

(47) Ghantous N, Das SS, Chameroy F. Governance capabilities and relationship performance in international franchising. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. 2018; 40:19-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2017.08.022.

(48) Smriti N, Das N. The impact of intellectual capital on firm performance: a study of Indian firms listed in COSPI. Journal of Intellectual Capital. 2018; 19(5): 935-964. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-11-2017-0156.

(49) Trequattrini R, Lombardi R, Lardo A. The Impact of Entrepreneurial Universities on Regional Growth: a Local Intellectual Capital Perspective. Journal Knowledge Economy. 2018; 9: 199–211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-015-0334-8.

(50) Mohamad MR, Zin NM. Knowledge management and the competitiveness of small construction firms: Innovation as mediator. Competitiveness Review. 2019; 29(5): 534-550. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-03-2018-0027.

(51) Chen CJ, Liu TC, Chu MA, Hsiao YC. Intellectual capital and new product development. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management. 2014; (33): 154–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2014.06.003.

(52) Albort-Morant G, Leal-Millán A, Cepeda-Carrión G. The antecedents of green innovation performance: A model of learning and capabilities. Journal of Business Research. 2016; 69(11): 4912-4917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.04.052.

(53) Waseem B, Loo-See B, Adeel A, Riaz A. Impact of intellectual capital on innovation capability and organizational performance: An empirical investigation. Serbian Journal of Management. 2018; 13(2): 365-379. https://doi.org/10.5937/sjm13-16997.

(54) Jogaratnam G. The effect of market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation and human capital on positional advantage: Evidence from the restaurant industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 2017; 60: 104-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2016.10.002.

(55) Li G, Luo Z, Anwar M, Lu Y, Wang X, Liu X. Intellectual capital and the efficiency of SMEs in the transition economy China; Do financial resources strengthen the routes? PloS one. 2020; 15(10). e0240774. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235462.

(56) Khalique M, Bontis N, Abdul SJ, Hassan MA. Intellectual capital in small and medium enterprises in Pakistan. Journal of Intellectual Capital. 2015; 16(1): 224-238. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-01-2014-0014.

(57) Inkinen H. Review of empirical research on intellectual capital and firm performance. Journal of Intellectual Capital. 2015; 16(3): 518-565. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-01-2015-0002.

(58) Dženopoljac V, Janoševic S, Bontis N. Intellectual capital and financial performance in the Serbian ICT industry. Journal of Intellectual Capital. 2016; 17(2): pp. 373-396. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-07-2015-0068.

(59) De-Carvalho JF, De-Oliveira AC, Quintanilha G. Estudo comparativo sobre a divulgação de intangíveis e capital intelectual em Instituições de Ensino Superior no Brasil e na Áustria. Administração. Ensino e Pesquisa. 2019; 20(2):249-85. https://doi.org/10.13058/raep.2019.v20n2.1201.

(60) Abualoush S, Masa’deh R, Bataineh K, Alrowwad A. The role of knowledge management process and intellectual capital as intermediary variables between knowledge management infrastructure and organization performance. Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge and Management. 2018; 13: 279-309. https://doi.org/10.28945/4088.

(61) Ramírez Y. Intellectual capital models in Spanish public sector. Journal of Intellectual Capital. 2010; 11(2): 248-264. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691931011039705.